Perbedaan Penggunaan Do, Does, Did, Doing, Done Dalam Bahasa Inggris

Perbandingan Do dan Does dalam Simple Present Tense

Ketika kamu membandingkan “do” dan “does,” perbedaan utama terletak pada subjek yang digunakan dalam kalimat. Kata “do” digunakan untuk subjek orang pertama (I), orang kedua (you), dan orang ketiga jamak (we, they), sedangkan “does” khusus digunakan untuk subjek orang ketiga tunggal (he, she, it). Perbedaan ini menunjukkan prinsip subject-verb agreement yang fundamental dalam tata bahasa Inggris.

Fungsi keduanya pun dapat dibandingkan dalam dua peran utama: sebagai kata kerja utama dan sebagai auxiliary verb. Sebagai kata kerja utama, baik “do” maupun “does” memiliki arti “melakukan” atau “mengerjakan”. Namun ketika berperan sebagai auxiliary verb, keduanya membantu membentuk kalimat negatif dan kalimat tanya tanpa memiliki arti khusus.

Membandingkan Did dengan Do/Does dalam Konteks Waktu

Perbedaan paling mencolok antara “did” dengan “do/does” terletak pada aspek waktu atau tense yang digunakan. Jika “do” dan “does” digunakan dalam Simple Present Tense untuk menyatakan kegiatan di masa sekarang, maka “did” digunakan dalam Simple Past Tense untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa masa lampau. Perbandingan ini menunjukkan bagaimana bahasa Inggris membedakan waktu kejadian melalui perubahan bentuk kata kerja.

Yang menarik dari “did” adalah kemampuannya untuk digunakan dengan semua jenis subjek, berbeda dengan “do/does” yang harus disesuaikan dengan subjek. Baik untuk subjek tunggal maupun jamak, “did” tetap mempertahankan bentuknya dalam Simple Past Tense. Hal ini membuat “did” lebih sederhana dalam penggunaan dibandingkan dengan pasangan present tense-nya.

Fungsi “did” sebagai auxiliary verb juga dapat dibandingkan dengan “do/does”. Dalam kalimat negatif masa lampau, “did” menjadi “didn’t” (did not) untuk semua subjek, sedangkan dalam kalimat tanya, “did” ditempatkan di awal seperti “Did you go yesterday?”. Perbandingan ini menunjukkan konsistensi yang lebih sederhana dalam Simple Past Tense dibandingkan Simple Present Tense. Berikut beberapa contoh penggunaan “did”:

(+) Kalimat positif: “I did my best in the exam”

(-) Kalimat negatif: “She did not (didn’t) come yesterday”

(?) Kalimat tanya: “Did they finish their project?”

Memahami Doing sebagai Bentuk Continuous

“Doing” merupakan bentuk present participle atau gerund dari kata kerja “do”. Bentuk ini digunakan dalam tenses continuous untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang sedang berlangsung. Berbeda dengan do, does, dan did yang bisa berfungsi sebagai kata kerja bantu, “doing” selalu berfungsi sebagai kata kerja utama yang menunjukkan aktivitas.

Kamu akan menemukan “doing” dalam berbagai konteks kalimat. Selain itu, bentuk ini juga bisa berfungsi sebagai kata benda (gerund) dalam kalimat tertentu. Misalnya, dalam kalimat “Doing homework is important,” kata “doing” berfungsi sebagai subjek kalimat. Pemahaman tentang fungsi ganda ini akan membantumu menggunakan “doing” dengan lebih fleksibel dan tepat.

Menguasai Penggunaan Done

“Done” adalah bentuk past participle dari “do” yang memiliki beberapa fungsi penting dalam bahasa Inggris. Tidak seperti bentuk-bentuk lainnya, “done” selalu membutuhkan kata kerja bantu seperti have, has, had, atau be untuk membentuk kalimat yang lengkap. Kamu akan sering menemukan “done” dalam perfect tenses yang menunjukkan tindakan yang telah selesai dilakukan.

Penggunaan “done” juga meluas ke kalimat pasif di mana subjek menerima tindakan. Sementara itu, dalam percakapan sehari-hari, “done” sering digunakan sebagai kata sifat yang berarti “selesai” atau “siap”. Misalnya, ketika kamu mengatakan “The work is done,” ini bisa berarti pekerjaan telah selesai dikerjakan atau dalam bentuk pasif yang berarti pekerjaan telah diselesaikan oleh seseorang.

Contoh Penggunaan Do, Does, Did, Doing, dan Done

Contoh Kalimat dengan “Do”

• I do my homework every evening.
• They do their best to help others.
• We do not understand the question.
• Do you want some coffee?
• I do believe in second chances.
• Do they know about the meeting?
• You do look tired today.
• We do need more time to finish.
• Do you speak Indonesian?
• I do appreciate your help.
• They do not like spicy food.
• Do we have enough money?
• You do make me happy.
• I do enjoy reading books.
• Do they play football?
• We do care about the environment.
• Do you remember her name?
• I do not smoke cigarettes.
• They do volunteer work on weekends.
• Do we need to bring anything?
• You do have a point there.
• I do exercise every morning.
• Do they live near here?
• We do not agree with that decision.
• Do you think it will rain?
• I do love chocolate ice cream.
• They do seem very friendly.
• Do we turn left or right?
• You do not have to worry.
• I do hope you feel better soon.

Contoh Kalimat Menggunakan “Does”

• She does her makeup perfectly.
• He does not like vegetables.
• Does it matter what color we choose?
• The machine does all the work automatically.
• Does she know how to swim?
• John does his laundry on Sundays.
• The cat does not drink milk.
• Does he speak English fluently?
• She does yoga every morning.
• Does it rain often in Jakarta?
• He does look handsome in that suit.
• The company does not offer refunds.
• Does she work at the hospital?
• My brother does martial arts.
• Does it hurt when I press here?
• She does need more practice.
• The dog does not bite strangers.
• Does he have any siblings?
• Maria does her shopping online.
• Does it take long to get there?
• He does seem quite intelligent.
• The restaurant does not open on Mondays.
• Does she play any instruments?
• My father does all the cooking at home.
• Does it cost a lot of money?
• She does enjoy watching movies.
• The baby does not sleep well at night.
• Does he know about the surprise party?
• Lisa does her exercises regularly.
• Does it make sense to you?

Contoh Penggunaan “Did” Pada Kalimat

• I did my best in the exam yesterday.
• Did you see the movie last night?
• They did not come to the party.
• She did her hair beautifully for the wedding.
• Did he call you back?
• We did everything we could to help.
• Did they finish the project on time?
• I did not understand the instructions.
• He did mention your name.
• Did you enjoy your vacation?
• She did not believe the news.
• They did their homework together.
• Did we meet before?
• I did feel a bit sick yesterday.
• Did she pass the driving test?
• We did not expect this to happen.
• He did apologize for being late.
• Did they arrive safely?
• I did try to contact you.
• Did you remember to lock the door?
• She did look stunning at the event.
• They did not follow the rules.
• Did he explain the situation?
• We did have fun at the beach.
• Did you hear the announcement?
• I did not mean to hurt your feelings.
• She did win the competition.
• Did they pay the bill?
• He did not come to work yesterday.
• Did you get my message?

Contoh Kalimat Dengan “Doing”

• I am doing my homework right now.
• What are you doing this weekend?
• She was doing the dishes when I called.
• They are doing a great job.
• He is doing his best to improve.
• We were doing nothing special yesterday.
• Are you doing okay?
• She will be doing her presentation tomorrow.
• I was doing some research online.
• They are doing business together.
• What were you doing at 8 PM last night?
• He is doing well in his new job.
• We are doing everything possible.
• She was doing yoga when it started raining.
• Are they doing their part?
• I will be doing laundry later.
• He was doing fine until the accident.
• We are doing a survey about customer satisfaction.
• What is she doing in the kitchen?
• They were doing their homework when the power went out.
• I am doing better than yesterday.
• Is he doing anything important?
• We were doing our best to stay calm.
• She is doing her makeup.
• They will be doing renovations next month.
• I was doing nothing wrong.
• Are you doing this on purpose?
• He is doing exactly what I told him.
• We are doing more with less resources.
• She was doing her exercises when I arrived.

Contoh Penggunaan Kalimat dengan “Done”

1. I have done all my chores for today.
2. The work is done by professionals.
3. Has she done her homework yet?
4. We had done everything before they arrived.
5. The project will be done by Friday.
6. I have never done this before.
7. Is the report done?
8. They have done an excellent job.
9. The painting was done by a famous artist.
10. Have you done your taxes?
11. She has done enough for today.
12. The repairs were done last week.
13. We have done our part of the deal.
14. Has he done anything wrong?
15. The cooking is done by my mother.
16. I had done my research beforehand.
17. The job will be done tomorrow.
18. They have done it many times before.
19. Is your homework done?
20. She has done wonders with the garden.
21. The damage was done years ago.
22. Have we done this correctly?
23. He has done his military service.
24. The decorations were done beautifully.
25. I have done my best to explain.
26. Will it be done on time?
27. They had done nothing to deserve this.
28. The steak is well done.
29. She has done more than expected.
30. Everything was done according to plan.

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